Cryptography
is the most popular hash algorithm. Currently, it is used in SSL, PGP, HTTP authentication, Tripwire, and many other places. The algorithm reads an input file or message calculates a "unique" 128-bit fingerprint. This fingerprint is believed to be "unique"; while it is theoretically possible that two inputs could hash to the same fingerprint, it is nearly statistically impossible.
Digital Signature is a private-key encrypted hash used in the verification of message integrity.
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